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11. Suganami, “Japan’s Entry into International Society,” 186–89.
12. “ President Millard Fillmore to the Emperor of Japan (presented by Commodore Perry on July 14, 1853), in Francis Hawks and Matthew Perry,Narrative of the Expedition of an American Squadron to the China Seas and Japan, Performed in the Years 1852, 1853, and 1854, Under the Command of Commodore M. C. Perry, United States Navy, by Order of the Government of the United States(Washington, D.C.: A. O. P. Nicholson,1856), 256–57.
13. Translation of the Japanese reply to President Fillmore’s letter, in ibid., 349–50.
14. Meiji 插rter Oath, inJapanese Government Documents, ed. W. W. McLaren (Bethesda, Md.: University Publications of America, 1979), 8.
15. Japanese memorandum delivered to the American Secretary of State Cordell Hull, December 7, 1941, as quoted in Pyle,Japan Rising, 207.
16. See, for example, Yasuhiro Nakasone, “A Critical View of the Postwar Constitution” (1953), in Sources of Japanese Tradition, ed. Wm. Theodore de Bary, Carol Gluck, and Arthur E. Tiedemann (New York: Columbia University Press, 2005), 2:1088–89. 中曾根這篇講話是在哈佛大學的國際研討會上做的，開辦研討會是為使世界各國的年輕領導人接觸了解美國的學術環境。中曾根論稱，為了“加速日本與美國永久友誼的發展”，日本的獨立防衛能力應當加強，與美國的夥伴關係應更加平等。30年後中曾根成為日本首相，卓有成效地推動了這方面的政策，並得到了美國總統里根的支持。
17. National Security Strategy (Provisional Translation) (Tokyo: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, December 17, 2013), 1–3. The document, adopted by Japan’s Cabinet, stated that its principles “will guide Japan’s national security policy over the next decade.”
18. S. Radhakrishnan, “Hinduism,” inA Cultural History of India, ed. A. L. Basham (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1997), 60–82.
19. 葡萄牙探險家瓦斯科·達·伽馬就是這樣對卡利卡特的國王解釋的（卡利卡特是今天印度的科澤科德，當時是全球香料貿易的中心之一）。達·伽馬和手下的船員因為有機會在印度興旺的香料和寶石貿易中分一杯羹而興奮欣喜。他們也受了關於“普萊斯特·約翰”的消失的王國這一傳說的影響。許多中世紀和近代早期的歐洲人相信，普萊斯特·約翰是一位強大的基督徒國王，住在非洲或亞洲。See Daniel Boorstin, The Discoverers (New York: Vintage Books, 1985),104–6, 176–77.
20.The Bhagavad Gita, trans. Eknath Easwaran (Tomales,Calif.: Nilgiri Press, 2007), 82–91; Amartya Sen,The Argumentative Indian: Writings on Indian History, Culture, and Identity (New York: Picador, 2005), 3–6.
21. See Pye, Asian Power and Politics, 137–41.
22. Kautilya,Arthashastra, trans. L. N. Rangarajan (New Delhi: Penguin Books India, 1992), 6.2.35–37, p. 525.
23. Ibid., 9.1.1, p. 588. Prussia’s Frederick the Great, on the eve of his seizure of the wealthy Austrian province of Silesia roughly two thousand years later, made a similar assessment. See 插pter 1.
24. Ibid., 6.2.39–40, p. 526.
25. Ibid., 9.1.21, p. 589.
26. Ibid., 7.6.14, 15, p. 544.
27. See Roger Boesche,The First Great Political Realist: Kautilya and His “Arthashastra” (Lanham, Md.: Le性ton Books, 2002), 46; Kautilya,Arthashastra, 7.13.43, 7.2.16, 9.1.1–16, pp. 526, 538,588–89.
28. 按照考底利耶的觀念，征服四海的統治者的王國是“北起喜馬拉雅山，南至大海，自東到西1 000由旬（yojana，古印度長度單位，約相當於11.2公里）的地方”——等於現代的巴基斯坦、印度和孟加拉國的領土之和。Kautilya,Arthashastra, 9.1.17, p. 589.
29. See Boesche,First Great Political Realist, 38–42, 51–54, 88–89.
30. Max Weber, “Politics as a Vocation,” as quoted in ibid., 7.
31.當時，阿育王因宣揚佛教和非暴力而受到崇敬，但他完成了征服大業之後才採納了這些理念，用它們來加強他的統治。
32. Robert Kaplan,The Revenge of Geography: What the Map Tells Us About Coming Conflicts and the Battle Against Fate(New York: Random House, 2012), 237.
33. John Robert Seeley,The Expansion of England: Two Courses of Lectures (London: Macmillan, 1891), 8.
34. Sir John Strachey,India (London: Kegan, Paul, Trench, 1888),as quoted in Rama插ndra Guha,India After Gandhi: The History of the World’s Largest Democracy(New York: Ecco, 2007), 3.
35. Jawaharlal Nehru, “India’s Foreign Policy” (speech delivered at the Constituent Assembly, New Delhi, December 4, 1947), inIndependence and After: A Collection of Speeches, 1946–1949 (New York: John Day, 1950), 204–5.
36. As quoted in Baldev Raj Nayar and T. V. Paul, India in the World Order:Searching for Major-Power Status(NewYork: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 124–25.
37. As quoted in ibid., 125.
38. Jawaharlal Nehru, “Speech to the Bandung Conference Political Committee” (1955), as printed in G. M. Kahin,The Asian-African Conference (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1956), 70.
39. “Agreement (with Ex插nge of Notes) on Trade and Intercourse Between Tibet Region of China and India, Signed at Peking, on 29 April 1954,” United Nations Treaty Series, vol. 299 (1958), 70.
12. “ President Millard Fillmore to the Emperor of Japan (presented by Commodore Perry on July 14, 1853), in Francis Hawks and Matthew Perry,Narrative of the Expedition of an American Squadron to the China Seas and Japan, Performed in the Years 1852, 1853, and 1854, Under the Command of Commodore M. C. Perry, United States Navy, by Order of the Government of the United States(Washington, D.C.: A. O. P. Nicholson,1856), 256–57.
13. Translation of the Japanese reply to President Fillmore’s letter, in ibid., 349–50.
14. Meiji 插rter Oath, inJapanese Government Documents, ed. W. W. McLaren (Bethesda, Md.: University Publications of America, 1979), 8.
15. Japanese memorandum delivered to the American Secretary of State Cordell Hull, December 7, 1941, as quoted in Pyle,Japan Rising, 207.
16. See, for example, Yasuhiro Nakasone, “A Critical View of the Postwar Constitution” (1953), in Sources of Japanese Tradition, ed. Wm. Theodore de Bary, Carol Gluck, and Arthur E. Tiedemann (New York: Columbia University Press, 2005), 2:1088–89. 中曾根這篇講話是在哈佛大學的國際研討會上做的，開辦研討會是為使世界各國的年輕領導人接觸了解美國的學術環境。中曾根論稱，為了“加速日本與美國永久友誼的發展”，日本的獨立防衛能力應當加強，與美國的夥伴關係應更加平等。30年後中曾根成為日本首相，卓有成效地推動了這方面的政策，並得到了美國總統里根的支持。
17. National Security Strategy (Provisional Translation) (Tokyo: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, December 17, 2013), 1–3. The document, adopted by Japan’s Cabinet, stated that its principles “will guide Japan’s national security policy over the next decade.”
18. S. Radhakrishnan, “Hinduism,” inA Cultural History of India, ed. A. L. Basham (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1997), 60–82.
19. 葡萄牙探險家瓦斯科·達·伽馬就是這樣對卡利卡特的國王解釋的（卡利卡特是今天印度的科澤科德，當時是全球香料貿易的中心之一）。達·伽馬和手下的船員因為有機會在印度興旺的香料和寶石貿易中分一杯羹而興奮欣喜。他們也受了關於“普萊斯特·約翰”的消失的王國這一傳說的影響。許多中世紀和近代早期的歐洲人相信，普萊斯特·約翰是一位強大的基督徒國王，住在非洲或亞洲。See Daniel Boorstin, The Discoverers (New York: Vintage Books, 1985),104–6, 176–77.
20.The Bhagavad Gita, trans. Eknath Easwaran (Tomales,Calif.: Nilgiri Press, 2007), 82–91; Amartya Sen,The Argumentative Indian: Writings on Indian History, Culture, and Identity (New York: Picador, 2005), 3–6.
21. See Pye, Asian Power and Politics, 137–41.
22. Kautilya,Arthashastra, trans. L. N. Rangarajan (New Delhi: Penguin Books India, 1992), 6.2.35–37, p. 525.
23. Ibid., 9.1.1, p. 588. Prussia’s Frederick the Great, on the eve of his seizure of the wealthy Austrian province of Silesia roughly two thousand years later, made a similar assessment. See 插pter 1.
24. Ibid., 6.2.39–40, p. 526.
25. Ibid., 9.1.21, p. 589.
26. Ibid., 7.6.14, 15, p. 544.
27. See Roger Boesche,The First Great Political Realist: Kautilya and His “Arthashastra” (Lanham, Md.: Le性ton Books, 2002), 46; Kautilya,Arthashastra, 7.13.43, 7.2.16, 9.1.1–16, pp. 526, 538,588–89.
28. 按照考底利耶的觀念，征服四海的統治者的王國是“北起喜馬拉雅山，南至大海，自東到西1 000由旬（yojana，古印度長度單位，約相當於11.2公里）的地方”——等於現代的巴基斯坦、印度和孟加拉國的領土之和。Kautilya,Arthashastra, 9.1.17, p. 589.
29. See Boesche,First Great Political Realist, 38–42, 51–54, 88–89.
30. Max Weber, “Politics as a Vocation,” as quoted in ibid., 7.
31.當時，阿育王因宣揚佛教和非暴力而受到崇敬，但他完成了征服大業之後才採納了這些理念，用它們來加強他的統治。
32. Robert Kaplan,The Revenge of Geography: What the Map Tells Us About Coming Conflicts and the Battle Against Fate(New York: Random House, 2012), 237.
33. John Robert Seeley,The Expansion of England: Two Courses of Lectures (London: Macmillan, 1891), 8.
34. Sir John Strachey,India (London: Kegan, Paul, Trench, 1888),as quoted in Rama插ndra Guha,India After Gandhi: The History of the World’s Largest Democracy(New York: Ecco, 2007), 3.
35. Jawaharlal Nehru, “India’s Foreign Policy” (speech delivered at the Constituent Assembly, New Delhi, December 4, 1947), inIndependence and After: A Collection of Speeches, 1946–1949 (New York: John Day, 1950), 204–5.
36. As quoted in Baldev Raj Nayar and T. V. Paul, India in the World Order:Searching for Major-Power Status(NewYork: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 124–25.
37. As quoted in ibid., 125.
38. Jawaharlal Nehru, “Speech to the Bandung Conference Political Committee” (1955), as printed in G. M. Kahin,The Asian-African Conference (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1956), 70.
39. “Agreement (with Ex插nge of Notes) on Trade and Intercourse Between Tibet Region of China and India, Signed at Peking, on 29 April 1954,” United Nations Treaty Series, vol. 299 (1958), 70.