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19. See Roxanne L. Euben and Muhammad Qasim Zaman, eds.,Princeton Readings in Islamist Thought: Texts and Contexts from al-Banna to Bin Laden (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2009), 49–53.
20. Hassan al-Banna, “Toward the Light,” in ibid., 58–59.
21. Ibid., 61–62.
22. Ibid., 68–70.
23.Sayyid Qutb,Milestones, 2nd rev.English ed. (Damascus, Syria: Dar al-Ilm, n.d.), 49–51.
24. Ibid., 59–60, 72, 84, 137.
25. For a discussion of the evolution from Qutb to bin Laden, see Lawrence Wright,The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11 (New York: Random House, 2006).
26. 歐巴馬總統在與加拿大總理哈珀舉行的聯合記者招待會上的講話，2011年2月4日；2011年2月6日接受福克斯電視網的採訪時，歐巴馬總統針對埃及的談話；“總統對埃及的表態”，2011年2月11日。
27. 總統對敘利亞局勢的談話，2011年8月18日。http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/08/18/statement-president-obama-situation-syria.
28. Mariam Karouny, “Apocalyptic Prophecies Drive Both Sides to Syrian Battle for End of Time,” Reuters, April 1, 2014.
29. 應利雅得的要求，以阻止薩達姆·海珊奪取沙烏地阿拉伯油田的任何企圖。
30. See “Message from Usama Bin-Muhammad Bin Ladin to His Muslim Brothers in the Whole World and Especially in the Arabian Peninsula: Declaration of Jihad Against the Americans Occupying the Land of the Two Holy Mosques; Expel the Heretics from the Arabian Peninsula,” in FBIS Report, “Compilation of Usama bin Ladin Statements, 1994–January 2004,” 13; Piscatori, “Order, Justice, and Global Islam,” 279–80.
31. For an exposition of this phenomenon, see David Danelo, “Anarchy Is the New Normal: Unconventional Governance and 21st Century Statecraft” (Foreign Policy Research Institute, October 2013).
第四章 美國與伊朗：不同的秩序理念
1. Ali Khamenei, “Leader’s Speech at Inauguration of Islamic Awakening and Ulama Conference” (April 29,2013),Islamic Awakening 1, no. 7(Spring 2013).
2. Ibid.
3. “Islamic Invitation Turkey, “The Leader of Islamic Ummah and Oppressed People Imam Sayyed Ali Khamenei: Islamic Awakening Inspires Intl. Events,” November 27, 2011.
4. 關於這一傳統，最著名的例子之一是公元前6世紀波斯阿契美尼德帝國的開國君主居魯士解放被巴比倫奴役的人民，包括猶太人。自稱“四極之王”的居魯士推翻巴比倫帝國進入巴比倫後發出敕令：巴比倫所有的奴隸都可自由返鄉，一切宗教都將得到包容。居魯士是第一個推行宗教多元主義的統治者。據信2 000年後，托馬斯·傑斐遜讀了色諾芬的《居魯士的教育》中的這個故事後深受激勵，對居魯士高度讚揚。See “The Cyrus Cylinder: Diplomatic Whirl,” Economist, March 23, 2013.
5. Herodotus,The History, trans. David Grene (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987), 1.131–135, pp. 95–97.
6. Kenneth M. Pollack,The Persian Puzzle: The Conflict Between Iran and America (New York: Random House,2004), 18–19. See also John Garver,China and Iran: Ancient Partners in a Post-imperial World (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2006).
7. “See Roy Mottahedeh, The Mantle of the Prophet:Religion and Politics in Iran (Oxford: Oneworld, 2002), 144; Reza Aslan, “The Epic of Iran,” New York Times, April 30, 2006. 阿布卡薩姆·費爾多西在伊斯蘭教征服波斯兩個世紀後寫成的史詩《國王之書》敘述了波斯被伊斯蘭教征服之前光輝燦爛的傳說。身為伊斯蘭教什葉派教徒的費爾多西通過史詩中的人物之口哀嘆：“詛咒這個世界，詛咒這個時代，詛咒這個命運/野蠻的阿拉伯人把我變成了穆斯林。”此言捕捉到了波斯人複雜的心情。
8. See Sandra Mackey,The Iranians: Persia, Islam, and the Soul of a Nation (New York: Plume, 1998), 109n1.
9. Ruhollah Khomeini, “Islamic Government,” inIslam and Revolution: Writings and Declarations of Imam Khomeini (1941–1980),trans. Hamid Algar (North Haledon, N.J.: Mizan Press, 1981), 48–49.
10. As quoted in David Armstrong,Revolution and World Order: The Revolutionary State in International Society (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), 192.
11. Khomeini, “Islamic Government,” “The First Day of God’s Government,” and “The Religious Scholars Led the Revolt,” inIslam and Revolution, 147, 265, 330–31.
12. R. W. Apple Jr., “Will Khomeini Turn Iran’s Clock Back 1,300 Years?,” New York Times, February 4, 1979.
13. See 插rles Hill,Trial of a Thousand Years: World Order and Islamism (Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 2011), 89–91.
14. 這些活動基本上是秘密的，因此有關報告必然只能披露其中的一部分。有人說德黑蘭在一定程度上和塔利班以及基地組織合作，或至少默許它們的活動。See, for example, Thomas Kean, Lee Hamilton, et al., The 9/11 Commission Report (New York: W. W. Norton, 2004), 61, 128, 240–41, 468, 529; Seth G. Jones, “Al Qaeda in Iran,” Foreign Affairs, January 29, 2012, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/137061/ sethg-jones/al-qaeda-in-iran.
15. Akbar Ganji, “Who Is Ali Khamenei: The Worldview of Iran’s Supreme Leader,”Foreign Affairs, September/October 2013. See also Thomas Joscelyn, “Iran, the Muslim Brotherhood, and Revolution,” Longwarjournal.org, January 28, 2011.
20. Hassan al-Banna, “Toward the Light,” in ibid., 58–59.
21. Ibid., 61–62.
22. Ibid., 68–70.
23.Sayyid Qutb,Milestones, 2nd rev.English ed. (Damascus, Syria: Dar al-Ilm, n.d.), 49–51.
24. Ibid., 59–60, 72, 84, 137.
25. For a discussion of the evolution from Qutb to bin Laden, see Lawrence Wright,The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11 (New York: Random House, 2006).
26. 歐巴馬總統在與加拿大總理哈珀舉行的聯合記者招待會上的講話，2011年2月4日；2011年2月6日接受福克斯電視網的採訪時，歐巴馬總統針對埃及的談話；“總統對埃及的表態”，2011年2月11日。
27. 總統對敘利亞局勢的談話，2011年8月18日。http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/08/18/statement-president-obama-situation-syria.
28. Mariam Karouny, “Apocalyptic Prophecies Drive Both Sides to Syrian Battle for End of Time,” Reuters, April 1, 2014.
29. 應利雅得的要求，以阻止薩達姆·海珊奪取沙烏地阿拉伯油田的任何企圖。
30. See “Message from Usama Bin-Muhammad Bin Ladin to His Muslim Brothers in the Whole World and Especially in the Arabian Peninsula: Declaration of Jihad Against the Americans Occupying the Land of the Two Holy Mosques; Expel the Heretics from the Arabian Peninsula,” in FBIS Report, “Compilation of Usama bin Ladin Statements, 1994–January 2004,” 13; Piscatori, “Order, Justice, and Global Islam,” 279–80.
31. For an exposition of this phenomenon, see David Danelo, “Anarchy Is the New Normal: Unconventional Governance and 21st Century Statecraft” (Foreign Policy Research Institute, October 2013).
第四章 美國與伊朗：不同的秩序理念
1. Ali Khamenei, “Leader’s Speech at Inauguration of Islamic Awakening and Ulama Conference” (April 29,2013),Islamic Awakening 1, no. 7(Spring 2013).
2. Ibid.
3. “Islamic Invitation Turkey, “The Leader of Islamic Ummah and Oppressed People Imam Sayyed Ali Khamenei: Islamic Awakening Inspires Intl. Events,” November 27, 2011.
4. 關於這一傳統，最著名的例子之一是公元前6世紀波斯阿契美尼德帝國的開國君主居魯士解放被巴比倫奴役的人民，包括猶太人。自稱“四極之王”的居魯士推翻巴比倫帝國進入巴比倫後發出敕令：巴比倫所有的奴隸都可自由返鄉，一切宗教都將得到包容。居魯士是第一個推行宗教多元主義的統治者。據信2 000年後，托馬斯·傑斐遜讀了色諾芬的《居魯士的教育》中的這個故事後深受激勵，對居魯士高度讚揚。See “The Cyrus Cylinder: Diplomatic Whirl,” Economist, March 23, 2013.
5. Herodotus,The History, trans. David Grene (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987), 1.131–135, pp. 95–97.
6. Kenneth M. Pollack,The Persian Puzzle: The Conflict Between Iran and America (New York: Random House,2004), 18–19. See also John Garver,China and Iran: Ancient Partners in a Post-imperial World (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2006).
7. “See Roy Mottahedeh, The Mantle of the Prophet:Religion and Politics in Iran (Oxford: Oneworld, 2002), 144; Reza Aslan, “The Epic of Iran,” New York Times, April 30, 2006. 阿布卡薩姆·費爾多西在伊斯蘭教征服波斯兩個世紀後寫成的史詩《國王之書》敘述了波斯被伊斯蘭教征服之前光輝燦爛的傳說。身為伊斯蘭教什葉派教徒的費爾多西通過史詩中的人物之口哀嘆：“詛咒這個世界，詛咒這個時代，詛咒這個命運/野蠻的阿拉伯人把我變成了穆斯林。”此言捕捉到了波斯人複雜的心情。
8. See Sandra Mackey,The Iranians: Persia, Islam, and the Soul of a Nation (New York: Plume, 1998), 109n1.
9. Ruhollah Khomeini, “Islamic Government,” inIslam and Revolution: Writings and Declarations of Imam Khomeini (1941–1980),trans. Hamid Algar (North Haledon, N.J.: Mizan Press, 1981), 48–49.
10. As quoted in David Armstrong,Revolution and World Order: The Revolutionary State in International Society (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), 192.
11. Khomeini, “Islamic Government,” “The First Day of God’s Government,” and “The Religious Scholars Led the Revolt,” inIslam and Revolution, 147, 265, 330–31.
12. R. W. Apple Jr., “Will Khomeini Turn Iran’s Clock Back 1,300 Years?,” New York Times, February 4, 1979.
13. See 插rles Hill,Trial of a Thousand Years: World Order and Islamism (Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 2011), 89–91.
14. 這些活動基本上是秘密的，因此有關報告必然只能披露其中的一部分。有人說德黑蘭在一定程度上和塔利班以及基地組織合作，或至少默許它們的活動。See, for example, Thomas Kean, Lee Hamilton, et al., The 9/11 Commission Report (New York: W. W. Norton, 2004), 61, 128, 240–41, 468, 529; Seth G. Jones, “Al Qaeda in Iran,” Foreign Affairs, January 29, 2012, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/137061/ sethg-jones/al-qaeda-in-iran.
15. Akbar Ganji, “Who Is Ali Khamenei: The Worldview of Iran’s Supreme Leader,”Foreign Affairs, September/October 2013. See also Thomas Joscelyn, “Iran, the Muslim Brotherhood, and Revolution,” Longwarjournal.org, January 28, 2011.